गिरने वाली बारिश की बूंदों की गतिज ऊर्जा के प्रभाव के कारण होने वाले प्राथमिक अपरदन को क्या कहा जाता है?

What are the primary functions of gully plugs or check dams constructed across small ephemeral streams?

Which mechanical soil conservation structure consists of nearly level platforms with vertical risers, specifically designed to facilitate cultivation on steep slopes?