कोई भी उद्दीपन (stimulus) जिसके कारण किसी निश्चित व्यवहार की पुनरावृत्ति होती है या उस पर रोक लगती है, उसे निम्नलिखित में से क्या कहा जाता है?

Biofeedback training, where individuals learn to consciously regulate autonomic physiological functions using biological monitoring feedback, is primarily based on which type of learning?

Öhman observed that when a picture of a flower was paired with an electric shock, participants did not readily develop conditioned fear, but when a picture of a snake or spider was paired with shock, fear conditioning was easily established. This supports which concept/perspective of classical conditioning?