किसी उपकरण की मापन वैधता का आकलन, जो उसकी तुलना एक अलग विधि से उत्पन्न उसी अवधारणा के दूसरे माप से करता है, कहलाता है:

Consider the following statements regarding educational initiatives in India: 1. MOOCs are integrated into SWAYAM. 2. GIAN stands for Global Initiative of Academic Networks. 3. RUSA focuses only on central universities. 4. TEQIP is related to quality improvement in technical education. Which of the above statements are correct?

With reference to quality assurance in higher education, consider the following statements: 1. NAAC uses a cumulative grade point average (CGPA)-based grading system. 2. NBA accredits institutions rather than individual programs. 3. NAAC accreditation is mandatory for all higher educational institutions to receive UGC funding. 4. Outcome-based education is a key principle underlying NBA accreditation. Which of the above statements are correct?