किसी अधिनियम की वैधीकरण धारा (धारा 6) में, किए गए या किए जाने से छोड़े गए सभी कार्यों को इस अधिनियम के तहत ऐसा माना जाता है, मानो ऐसे प्रावधान उस समय लागू थे जब वे कार्य:

'Rule in Heydon's case' is also known as:

Which of the following refers to the aids of construction that are located outside the text of the statute itself?

In which of the following cases did the Supreme Court hold that if the language of a statute is clear and unambiguous, no need for interpretation arises?