किसने जाति व्यवस्था को वंशानुगत समूहों से बना माना जो तीन तरीकों से भिन्न और जुड़े होते हैं— (i) पदानुक्रम, (ii) अलगाव को सुनिश्चित करने वाले विस्तृत नियम, और (iii) श्रम विभाजन से उत्पन्न अन्योन्याश्रयता?

Which of the following statements correctly describe the catalysts driving transformations within the modern caste system? I. Land reforms have disrupted traditional economic relationships within the caste system. II. Access to education has empowered lower castes, fostering awareness and equality. III. Social legislation aimed at promoting equality has contributed to a reduction in caste-based discrimination. IV. Industrialization and urbanization have challenged traditional roles, leading to a more merit-based societal structure. Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

'Caste is a Brahmanic child of Indo-Aryan culture cradled in the land of Ganges and thence transferred to other parts of India.' Whose statement is this?