कार्ल मार्क्स के अनुसार, पूंजीवाद के तहत मजदूरी श्रम (wage labour) अनिवार्य रूप से क्या है?

In Marxist sociological theory, surplus value is best understood as:

In Marxist sociology, the social and economic relationships established between those who own the means of production (bourgeoisie) and those who do not (proletariat) are termed as:

Given below are two statements: Assertion A: Under conditions of capitalism, workers experience alienation from their 'species-essence' (Gattungswesen), preventing them from achieving self-actualization through labor. Reason R: Capitalism restricts workers to repetitive, unfulfilling tasks, depriving them of the creative labor fundamental to human nature. In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer: