कार्बन डाइऑक्साइड को मुख्य रूप से ग्रीनहाउस गैस कहा जाता है क्योंकि यह:

Prolonged exposure to extreme cold temperatures may result in tissue damage known as frostbite, which is categorized as a:

In the context of ecosystem energy dynamics, which of the following expressions correctly defines Net Primary Productivity (NPP)?