कानूनी सूत्र 'रेस इप्सा लोक्विटुर' (Res Ipsa Loquitur) का शाब्दिक अर्थ है:

In Derry v. Peek, the House of Lords defined fraudulent misrepresentation. According to this case, fraud is proven when a false representation has been made:

In the landmark tort case of Donoghue v. Stevenson (1932), the famous 'neighbor principle' was laid down by: