कथन (A): स्पैनिश विजेताओं के लिए पारंपरिक सैन्य हथियारों की तुलना में चेचक (Smallpox) एक अधिक शक्तिशाली हथियार था। कारण (R): अमेरिका के मूल निवासियों में अपने लंबे अलगाव के कारण यूरोपीय बीमारियों के खिलाफ कोई प्रतिरक्षा (immunity) नहीं थी।

Why did multinational corporations (MNCs) begin shifting production activities to Asian countries like China during the late 1970s and 1980s? I. The low-cost economic structure of these newly industrializing nations. II. The desire to escape high protective import tariffs in their domestic Western markets. III. The widespread availability of exceptionally high-wage skilled labour. IV. The abundance of relatively low-wage workforce in these developing countries.

Which of the following were features or consequences of the housing and consumer boom in the United States during the 1920s? I. A sharp spurt in the purchase of refrigerators, washing machines, and radios. II. The widespread expansion of the 'hire purchase' credit system. III. The US emerged as the largest international overseas lender by 1923. IV. The immediate collapse of the entire US commercial banking network by 1920.