'एड होमिनेम' (Ad hominem) हेत्वाभास तब होता है जब कोई तर्क निम्नलिखित में से क्या करता है?

Consider the following argument: 'UGC NET toppers study 12–14 hours daily. Therefore, anyone who studies 12–14 hours daily will become a UGC NET topper.' The argument commits which of the following logical fallacies?

A fallacy in which a proposition is held to be true just because it has not been proved false, or false just because it has not been proved true, is called: