एक चर जो देखे गए परिणामों की एक संभावित लेकिन गलत या भ्रामक व्याख्या बनाता है, कहलाता है:

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R). Assertion (A): A two-tailed hypothesis is specific about the direction of a predicted difference or relationship, while a one-tailed hypothesis leaves the direction open. Reason (R): Small sample sizes often make it difficult to achieve statistical power to reject a null hypothesis. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer:

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R). Assertion (A): The one-way ANOVA allows researchers to compare the means of two or more independent groups using a single test. Reason (R): A standard independent samples t-test requires that one variable be nominal with no more than two independent groups to compare their scores on one dependent interval/ratio variable. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer: