एक गैर-आदर्श गैस के लिए विहित विभाजन फलन (canonical partition function) Q(N, V, T) = 1N! (2πmh2β)3N/2 (V - Nb)N eβaN2V द्वारा दिया गया है। गैस की आंतरिक ऊर्जा (U) का मान क्या होगा?

The average energy of an ensemble of noninteracting particles is 1000 kBT at temperature T. Each particle can have energy of either 0 or kBT. The number of particles in the ensemble is closest to (where kB is the Boltzmann constant):

Two conformations, A and B, of a single molecule have energies 5kBT and 9kBT, respectively, at a temperature T. Assuming a Boltzmann distribution, what is the fraction of molecules present in conformation B?