एक ऐसी धारणा (perception) जो संवेदी उद्दीपन (sensory stimulus) की उपस्थिति में होती है लेकिन उसे गलत तरीके से समझा और व्याख्यायित किया जाता है, कहलाती है:

Which of the following territories was annexed by Lord Dalhousie under the pretext of misgovernance, and not directly through the Doctrine of Lapse?

What was the primary stated reason for the Partition of Bengal in 1905 by Lord Curzon?