एक एकल बल जो किसी दृढ़ पिंड पर कार्य करने वाले कई समतलीय बलों को प्रतिस्थापित कर सकता है, और पिंड पर वही प्रभाव डालता है जो वे सभी बल मिलकर डालते हैं, उसे क्या कहा जाता है?

In standard assumptions made for plane truss structures, the connections between members are assumed to be joined by:

The coefficient of friction is theoretical value of _____ for ideal, perfectly smooth surfaces.

In the analysis of structures by the principle of Virtual Work, which of the following forces are assumed to do work and are not omitted?