उत्तर-पश्चिम भारत में खरोष्ठी लिपि को स्थापित करने का श्रेय किसे दिया जाता है?

In Ancient Indian Statecraft, Kautilya's 'Rajamandala' theory primarily deals with:

The First Buddhist Council was held at ______.

Which ancient Indian text contains references indicating that population counts or census-like records were maintained in ancient India?