आंतरिक व्यास 'd' और मोटाई 't' वाले एक पतले बेलनाकार शेल पर आंतरिक दबाव 'P' लग रहा है, तो अनुदैर्ध्य प्रतिबल (longitudinal stress) को किस प्रकार व्यक्त किया जाता है?

Mohr's circle reduces to a point when an element is subjected to:

A steel column pinned at both ends has an Euler buckling load of 250 kN. If the column is restrained against lateral movement at its mid-height, its new buckling load will be:

What is the angle between the principal strain axis and the maximum shear strain axis in 2D strain analysis?