Environment & Ecology · Forest Ecosystems & Fire Ecology

With reference to the behaviour of forest fires in different vegetation formations, consider the following statements: I. In relatively undisturbed Tropical Evergreen forests, high humidity, compact canopy cover and greater moisture retention generally act against the spread of severe surface fires. II. In many Tropical Deciduous forests, seasonal leaf fall and dry biomass accumulation can create conditions favourable for intense fires. III. Montane Coniferous forests, because of resinous vegetation and needle litter, may be more fire-prone than many humid broadleaf forests. IV. Mangrove forests, owing to tidal influence and saline conditions, are invariably insulated from high-intensity fire events. Which of the statements given above are correct?