Which theory of perception proposes that a retinal image of an object is faithfully transmitted to the brain, and the brain attempts to compare this visual representation directly to various stored patterns or prototypes?

Match the informal heuristics in LIST-I with their corresponding definitions in LIST-II: LIST-I (Informal Heuristic) A. Availability Heuristic B. Representativeness Heuristic C. Peak-End Rule D. Scarcity Heuristic LIST-II (Definition) I. Judging an experience based on its most intense point and its conclusion. II. Placing higher value on objects that are perceived as rare or difficult to obtain. III. Relying on immediate examples that come to mind when evaluating a topic. IV. Making judgments by comparing an event to an existing prototype or stereotype. Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Who introduced the term 'metacognition' in the late 1970s, defining it as 'thinking about thinking'?