Which of the following techniques is primarily used to measure the absorption of electromagnetic radiation by a chemical substance?

Which law forms the fundamental basis of quantitative analysis in spectrophotometry?

Which apparatus is commonly used for accurate measurement of liquid volumes in volumetric analysis (titration)?

Arrange the procedural steps for determining the Reichert-Meissl (RM) Value of oils and fats in the correct execution sequence: A. Saponification of the fat sample by heating with a glycerol-NaOH solution B. Splitting of the saponified material using dilute sulphuric acid C. Steam distillation of the liberated volatile fatty acids D. Filtration of the distillate to isolate water-soluble volatile fatty acids E. Estimation of the soluble acids via titration with standard NaOH solution