Which of the following teaching methods or strategies is NOT aligned with the constructivist learning theory?

Which of the following are the characteristics of constructivist learning theory? I. Learning is an active process. II. Students construct their understanding. III. Knowledge is passed down directly from teacher to student. IV. Learning happens through interaction with the environment.

Which of the following are the characteristics of constructivist learning theory? I. Learning is an active process. II. Students construct their understanding. III. Knowledge is passed down from teacher to student. IV. Learning happens through interaction with the environment.