Indian Polity · Polity
Which of the following statements best captures the complex challenges of urban inequality and migration in India, particularly regarding access to welfare schemes in informal settlements?
- 1State governments have uniformly implemented universal basic services, ensuring all migrants have access to sanitation and healthcare without administrative hurdles.
- 2The Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) has completely eliminated slums and informal housing across major Indian metropolitan cities by 2026.
- 3Urban migrants, especially in informal settlements, often face exclusion from welfare schemes due to lack of local residency proof, leading to precarious living conditions despite constitutional guarantees.✓
- 4The growth of informal settlements is primarily due to voluntary migration, and most migrants enjoy equal access to urban welfare schemes upon arrival.
Correct answer
Urban migrants, especially in informal settlements, often face exclusion from welfare schemes due to lack of local residency proof, leading to precarious living conditions despite constitutional guarantees.
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