General Studies · Ecological Approach to Public Administration

Which of the following statements are correct regarding the Ecology of Development Administration? I. The ecological perspective highlights that development strategies can be universally applied across different nations without considering local conditions. II. Administrative systems and development policies are influenced by environmental factors such as historical experiences, cultural traditions, and economic conditions. III. Ecological analysis helps scholars understand why identical development programmes might succeed in one country but fail in another. IV. Fred W. Riggs contributed to this perspective by demonstrating that administrative systems operate independently of their social, political, and economic environments. Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below: