Biology · Human Nutrition and Deficiencies

Which of the following statements are correct regarding protein deficiency conditions in humans? 1. Kwashiorkor is primarily caused by a severe deficiency of dietary protein relative to caloric intake. 2. Marasmus occurs primarily due to an isolated carbohydrate deficiency while protein intake is adequate. 3. Protein deficiency can lead to edema due to a reduction in plasma oncotic pressure. 4. Growth retardation and muscle wasting in children are prominent signs of protein-energy malnutrition.