Which of the following statements align correctly with the core philosophy of Contextual Archaeology? (a) It is incorrect to depend solely on scientific/empirical evidence while studying a culture. (b) Understanding the cultural and environmental context of an excavated artifact is essential to discern its true function. (c) Mohenjodaro was conclusively destroyed seven times primarily due to Aryan invasions. (d) The singular objective of Archaeology is to record the descriptive chronology of human culture.

Which major paradigm shift took roots in the field of Archaeology during the second half of the twentieth century? (a) Total dominance and global acceptance of English and American historical models. (b) Systematic theoretical resistance to structural Contextual Archaeology. (c) Emergence of Cognitive Archaeology to reconstruct the mentalities of ancient humans. (d) Integration of processual scientific methods, quantitative techniques, and physical science concepts into research.

Why is twenty-first-century archaeology evolving into a significantly different discipline compared to earlier eras?