Indian Polity · Polity Science
Which of the following statements accurately reflects a key difference between the Supreme Court established by the Regulating Act of 1773 and the later High Courts established under the Indian High Courts Act of 1861?
- 1The Supreme Court was directly accountable to the British Parliament, while the High Courts were subject to the administrative control of the Governor-General-in-Council.✓
- 2The Supreme Court's jurisdiction extended to all British subjects and Indians, whereas the High Courts only had jurisdiction over British subjects.
- 3The Supreme Court primarily applied English law, while the High Courts were mandated to apply a combination of English and customary Indian laws.
- 4The Supreme Court had original jurisdiction over revenue matters, while the High Courts did not.
Correct answer
The Supreme Court was directly accountable to the British Parliament, while the High Courts were subject to the administrative control of the Governor-General-in-Council.
Explanation
मुख्य बिंदु:
1773 के रेगुलेटिंग एक्ट के तहत कलकत्ता में स्थापित सर्वोच्च न्यायालय (Supreme Court) सीधे ब्रिटिश क्राउन और संसद के प्रति जवाबदेह था और इसके कामकाज में स्थानीय प्रशासन का सीधा हस्तक्षेप नहीं था।
इसके विपरीत, 1861 के भारतीय उच्च न्यायालय अधिनियम (Indian High Courts Act,
- 1861) के तहत स्थापित उच्च न्यायालय ब्रिटिश भारत के प्रान्तों में स्थापित किए गए थे और वे गवर्नर-जनरल-इन-काउंसिल के प्रशासनिक नियंत्रण तथा प्रशासनिक व्यवस्था के अधीन कार्य करते थे।
विकल्प
- (D) दोनों न्यायालयों के बीच प्रशासनिक और उत्तरदायित्व के इस महत्वपूर्ण अंतर को सटीक रूप से दर्शाता है।
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