History · Historiography

Which of the following statements about Oswald Spengler and Arnold J. Toynbee is false?

Verified Solution4 OptionsUpdated: October 2026👁️1 View

1Both saw cultures and civilisations as strictly organic entities that undergo inevitable deterministic life cycles.✓
2Both were concerned with the cyclical rise and fall of civilisations.
3Their theories were based on a comparative study of cultures and civilisations.
4Both Spengler and Toynbee attempted to reveal the grand design of history.

Correct answer

Both saw cultures and civilisations as strictly organic entities that undergo inevitable deterministic life cycles.

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