Which of the following Governor Generals introduced the 'Doctrine of Lapse'?

Which of the following statements is NOT true about the Subsidiary Alliance system?

Consider the following statements about the doctrines and policies that formed the legal basis of British expansion in India: 1. The Doctrine of Paramountcy was a moral assertion of British superiority, first formally articulated by Lord Dalhousie, which claimed the British Crown's power was supreme over all Indian states. 2. The Doctrine of Lapse was its most aggressive application, leading to the annexation of states like Satara, Jhansi, and Nagpur, where the ruler died without a 'natural' male heir. 3. The Ring-Fence Policy, initiated by Warren Hastings, was a precursor to the Subsidiary Alliance, aimed at creating buffer states to protect British territory from external threats like the Marathas or Tipu Sultan. Which of the statements given above is/are CORRECT?