Which Maratha ruler created the post of 'Pratinidhi', which ranked even higher than the Peshwa in the hierarchy?

Arrange the following pivotal treaties that shaped later Maratha history in chronological order of their signing: A. The Treaty of Sangola, which validated the absolute supremacy of the Peshwa under Balaji Baji Rao B. The restrictive Treaty of Bassein signed by Baji Rao II, leading to British control C. The Treaty of Salbai, which successfully stabilized Maratha power under the guidance of Nana Phadnavis D. The Treaty of Wadgaon, resulting from a rare British military defeat by the Marathas Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Arrange the following events pertaining to the sequence of Maratha royal succession and administration following Shivaji's death in chronological order: A. The introduction of the 'Hukumat Panth' decentralized administration system during the regency of Tarabai B. The shift of power to the Peshwas through the appointment of Balaji Vishwanath by Shahu Maharaj C. The capture and brutal execution of Sambhaji by Aurangzeb, ending his resistance to the Mughal invasion D. The continuation of Maratha guerrilla warfare against the Mughals under the leadership of Rajaram Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Arrange the following events pertaining to the Maratha establishment and consolidation in Gujarat in chronological order: I. The Mughal subedar of Gujarat assigning chauth and sardeshmukhi in saranjam to Shahu II. The Gaikwads forcing their way into power and establishing Baroda as their capital III. Early incursions into the Mughal province of Gujarat led by Maratha sardars like Dabhade IV. The division of the chauth and sardeshmukhi of Gujarat between the Peshwa and Dabhade Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Match LIST-I with LIST-II: LIST-I (Landmark Maratha Battle) A. Battle of Pratapgarh B. Battle of Vasai C. Battle of Wadgaon D. Battle of Salher LIST-II (Historical Outcome & Adversary) I. Resulted in a rare defeat for the British East India Company II. Marked the first major open-field Maratha victory against the Mughals in North India III. Eliminated Afzal Khan of Bijapur, significantly marking the rise of Maratha power IV. Concluded with the defeat of the Portuguese, expanding Maratha western coastal control Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Match LIST-I with LIST-II: LIST-I (Maratha Leader / Dynasty) A. Rajaram B. Shivaji C. Sindia D. Gaikwad LIST-II (Primary Stronghold / Capital) I. Ujjain II. Gingee Fort III. Raigad Fort IV. Baroda Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Consider the following statements regarding the military strategies, territorial expansion, and political vision of the Maratha Empire: I. The Maratha Empire developed a formidable naval force under Kanhoji Angre, but its eventual decline allowed the British to dominate the Indian coasts. II. During the Battle of Vasai in 1739, the Marathas were defeated by the Portuguese, resulting in the loss of Vasai Fort and a contraction of their coastal influence. III. Unlike the Mughals, the Marathas successfully established a centralized empire driven by a pan-Indian vision of long-term governance and cultural integration. IV. Acting as a chief strategist, Nana Phadnavis managed internal conflicts and stabilized Maratha power by ensuring peace with the British through the Treaty of Salbai in 1782. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Consider the following statements regarding the administration and reign of Tarabai in the Maratha Empire: I. Tarabai, the widow of Rajaram, acted as regent for her minor son Shivaji II and assumed control of the Maratha administration. II. Between 1700 and 1714, she led a fierce resistance against the Mughal Empire and expanded Maratha influence. III. During the succession struggle at the Battle of Khed in 1707, Tarabai emerged victorious against Shahu Maharaj, thereby consolidating her supreme authority over the empire. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

With reference to the foundation of the Maratha Empire by Shivaji Maharaj and its subsequent administrative structure, consider the following statements: I. Shivaji Maharaj established the Hindavi Swarajya and formally assumed the title of Chhatrapati at Raigad Fort in 1674. II. The Maratha administration employed a Ryotwari-based revenue system, which exacted levies such as Chauth (25% tax) and Sardeshmukhi (10% tax). III. As the empire evolved into a confederacy, the Gaekwads established their central stronghold at Gwalior and expanded Maratha influence into Gujarat. IV. The Treaty of Purandar in 1665, signed with Raja Jai Singh of Amber, resulted in Shivaji surrendering 23 forts to the Mughals. Which of the statements given above are correct?