Which foundational macro-historical transition led to the permanent transformation of small agrarian villages in the fertile plains between the Euphrates and Tigris rivers into the world's earliest urban centers?

Consider the following statements regarding the Library of Ashurbanipal: 1. It was located at Nineveh in the north. 2. It housed around 30,000 cuneiform clay tablets. 3. The tablets were catalogued and arranged by subject. 4. Ashurbanipal was the king of the southern region of Babylonia. Which of the statements given above are correct?

With reference to early Mesopotamian temples, which of the following were their key functions? 1. Residence of a local deity 2. Processing of agricultural produce (grain grinding, spinning, weaving) 3. Keeping written records of transactions, allocations, and stock 4. Serving solely as a private place for personal prayer Select the correct answer using the code given below: