When teaching, a teacher periodically monitors her students' learning progress and uses the results to modify her ongoing instruction. The type of assessment used by her is called:

Consider the task: 'Arrange the following steps in order to make lemonade: (a) Add lemon juice, sugar, and water, (b) Serve in a tumbler, (c) Stir it.' What cognitive skill does this test item primarily evaluate?

Which type of assessment directly encourages students to actively participate in their own learning process by setting personal goals and self-evaluating their progress?