When governments intervene in the market to expand or reduce aggregate demand to smooth out economic fluctuations, this function is known as:

Assertion (A): Primary deficit reflects the current fiscal stance and borrowing requirements of the government exclusive of past commitments. Reason (R): Primary deficit is calculated by deducting interest payments from the fiscal deficit.

The type of budget deficit that indicates the total borrowing requirements of the government from all sources in a financial year is known as: