Environment & Ecology · Ecosystem Dynamics
What is the fundamental principle of the 10 percent rule introduced by Raymond Lindeman in 1942 regarding energy transfer in an ecosystem?
- 1On average, 10 percent of the energy stored as biomass in one trophic level is transferred to the next.✓
- 2Decomposers recycle 90 percent of the energy from consumers back to the primary producers.
- 3Energy transfer efficiency increases by 10 percent for every additional consumer level.
- 4The total energy captured from sunlight remains constant throughout all trophic levels.
Correct answer
On average, 10 percent of the energy stored as biomass in one trophic level is transferred to the next.
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