Under the historical provisions of Section 497 of the IPC (before being struck down), who could be punished for the offence of adultery?

Under which section was the definition of 'electronic record' inserted into the Indian Penal Code, 1860 by the Information Technology Act, 2000?

Under which section of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) is cruelty or domestic violence against a married woman by her husband or relatives made a punishable offence?