Under Section 199(2) of the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC) / Section 223(2) of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), when a prosecution for defamation is to be launched against the editor of a newspaper regarding their conduct in the discharge of public duties as a Union Minister, who issues the formal sanction for this purpose?

Given below are two statements: Assertion (A): India is not a signatory to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). Reason (R): The NPT recognizes only the five permanent members of the UN Security Council (P5) as legitimate nuclear-weapon states. Select the correct answer:

Which of the following is NOT a Fundamental Right under Part III of the Constitution of India?