History · Economic History of Modern India
The transition from artisanal mining to colonial extraction in the 19th-century Jharia coalfields was primarily driven by:
Verified Solution4 OptionsUpdated: October 2026👁️1 View
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- 1The policies of the East India Company, which aimed to modernize tribal technology through the introduction of European steam engines.
- 2A series of droughts that made agriculture impossible, forcing the local population to seek employment in the newly opened copper mines of Singhbhum.
- 3The expansion of the railway network and the British Crown's need for coking coal, which led to the displacement of community-driven mining by compelled wage labor.✓
- 4The voluntary abandonment of traditional farming by the Santhals in favor of high-wage industrial labor provided by the British Crown.
Correct answer
The expansion of the railway network and the British Crown's need for coking coal, which led to the displacement of community-driven mining by compelled wage labor.
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