The statement 'Caste is a closed class' was stated by whom?

Consider the following statements regarding the fundamental features of the caste system as defined by sociologists: A. The caste system is primarily shaped by the ideological constructs and beliefs held by society. B. Social interactions and hierarchies are regulated by explicitly formulated principles known as the 'rules of the game'. C. Different castes fulfill interdependent functions that are generally viewed as complementary and non-antagonistic. D. Andre Beteille argues that the standard caste model successfully incorporates the political and economic dimensions of social stratification. Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Which of the following statements about the Indian caste system are correct? 1. A change in occupation automatically changes an individual's caste. 2. Caste imposes restrictions on social interaction and endogamy. 3. Caste is the sole form of social stratification present in India. 4. Caste membership is an ascribed status determined by birth. Select the correct option: