Physics · Electromagnetics

The refractive index (μ) of an ionospheric layer with electron density N at frequency f is given by which formula?

Verified Solution4 OptionsUpdated: October 2026👁️1 View

1√(1 + (81N / f2))
2√(1 + (81N / f))
3√(1 - (81N / f))
4√(1 - (81N / f2))✓

Correct answer

√(1 - (81N / f2))

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