The radiation pattern of an antenna in spherical coordinates is given by F(θ) = cos4(θ), where 0 ≤ θ ≤ π/2. The directivity of the antenna is:

Which of the following is NOT a primary inherent characteristic of an antenna?

The directive gain Gd(θ, φ) depends on the antenna pattern. For a Hertzian dipole, Pavg is maximum at θ = π/2 and minimum at θ = 0 or π. For an isotropic antenna, Gd(θ, φ) = 1. The directive gain Gd(θ, φ) can be defined as: