English Language · English

The passage given below is followed by four alternative summaries. Choose the option that best captures the essence of the passage. Humans possess an innate moral instinct shaped by evolution, enabling us to distinguish right from wrong long before formal ethical systems emerged. This instinct, however, is not rigid; it is influenced by cultural norms, emotions, and social environments. Modern neuroscience suggests that moral judgments arise from a complex interaction between rational thought and intuitive emotional responses. While our moral intuition often guides us toward prosocial behavior, it can also be biased or inconsistent. Therefore, understanding the biological and social roots of morality allows us to refi ne ethical decision-making, balancing instinct with critical ref lection.