The first and second ionization constants of a diprotic acid H2Y are Ka1 = 4.0 × 10−7 and Ka2 = 2.0 × 10−12 respectively. The concentration of Y2− in a 0.2 M H2Y solution is N × 10−15 M. What is the value of N?

At 298 K, a certain buffer solution contains equal concentrations of X- and HX, Kb for X- is 10-10. What is the pH of this buffer solution?

The acid-base concept specifically involving oxide ion transfer in high-temperature molten conditions is known as: