History · Jharkhand Tribal Movements and Labour History
The 1970s 'Dhanbad Coalfield' movement, which heavily influenced the Jharkhand identity, was defined by the struggle of the 'Bihar Colliery Kamgar Union' against:
- 1The entry of Soviet technology which replaced manual tribal labor in the open-cast mines.
- 2The Central Government's decision to shut down all underground mines in the Jharia region.
- 3The 'Mafia Raj' and the 'outsider' moneylender-contractor nexus (Dikus) dominating the labor market.✓
- 4The indigenous tribal zamindars who refused to lease land for mining.
Correct answer
The 'Mafia Raj' and the 'outsider' moneylender-contractor nexus (Dikus) dominating the labor market.
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