Terzaghi's ultimate bearing capacity equation (qult) for a continuous or strip footing under general shear failure is expressed as:

As per IS 1904, structural distress and severe cracking in structural foundations are primarily caused by:

Two columns Ca and Cb spaced 3 m centre-to-centre are subjected to axial loads of 600 kN and 800 kN, respectively. If good soil for foundation with a safe bearing capacity of 200 kN/m 2 is available at 2 m depth below ground level, identify the type of foundation that is suitable and economical. Assume the width of the footing is restricted to 2 m.