History · Ancient Indian Philosophy

Once upon a time, in ancient India, there lived a great sage named Kapil Muni, who discovered that the universe could be divided into two fundamental entities: The first entity, which was pure consciousness, was beyond birth and death, without any modifications or qualities. It was the eternal observer, unaffected by the fluctuations of the world. The second entity, however, was the source of all action and transformation, composed of three gunas—Sattva, Rajas, and Tamas—which governed the nature of reality and all beings. Which philosophy does this story describe?