Geography · Water Resources and Dams

Match the following types of spillways with their correct operational features: a. Free overfall spillway — 1. The spillway discharge flows in an open channel right from the reservoir to the downstream river. b. Ogee spillway — 2. Used when the total hydraulic drop is small, typically less than 6 meters. c. Cascade spillway — 3. Preferred for very high dams where dissipation of high kinetic energy at the toe is critical. d. Chute spillway — 4. The upper profile matches closely with the lower nappe of a ventilated sheet of water falling freely.