History · Modern Indian History
Lord Lytton's 'Forward Policy', often critiqued for precipitating the Second Anglo-Afghan War, was not merely a diplomatic stance but a comprehensive imperial stratagem. In this context, which of the following articulations most accurately captures its fundamental and overarching strategic objective?
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- 1An offensive geopolitical doctrine seeking to project paramountcy and establish indirect control over trans-frontier territories, including Afghanistan, as a pre-emptive buffer against perceived Russian encroachment.✓
- 2A defensive consolidation aimed at administering the existing frontiers through infrastructural and bureaucratic integration, as exemplified by the Grand Trunk Road expansions.
- 3A deliberate strategic abstention from interference beyond the Indus, prioritizing fiscal prudence and stable borders over expansionist ambitions.
- 4A cultural imperialist project designed to use social reform and selective westernization tools to create a collaborative elite class in the frontier regions.
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An offensive geopolitical doctrine seeking to project paramountcy and establish indirect control over trans-frontier territories, including Afghanistan, as a pre-emptive buffer against perceived Russian encroachment.
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