Let M be a 3×3 matrix given by row 1: [2, 0, -1], row 2: [4, 1, -4], row 3: [2, 0, x] for some real number x. If 0 is an eigenvalue of M, then the matrix product (M4 + M) multiplied by the column vector [1, 0, 1]T is equal to:

Which of the following events is considered a major turning point that fueled Indian nationalism during British rule due to its brutal nature and widespread condemnation?

Which of the following events is considered the first major peasant uprising against the British in India?