Biology · Developmental Biology

Izumo and Juno are two critical proteins expressed in sperm and egg, respectively, that mediate cell recognition during fertilization. Consider the following targeted functional experiments involving Izumo and Juno: A. Sperms from a male mouse, where Izumo has been knocked out, could not fertilize eggs from a normal female. B. Two independent cell lines were developed, one expressing Izumo and the other expressing Juno. When mixed, these cells aggregate directly with each other due to specific receptor-ligand interaction. C. Whole mount immunostaining indicates specific localization on the sperm and egg, respectively. Which one of the following options lists the specific experiment(s) that directly demonstrate a binding interaction between Izumo and Juno?