IS 456:2000 के अनुसार, एक स्तंभ (column) में प्रदान की जाने वाली अनुदैर्ध्य छड़ों की न्यूनतम संख्या आयताकार स्तंभ में ____ और वृत्ताकार स्तंभ में ____ होनी चाहिए।

A T-beam behaves as a rectangular beam of width equal to its flange width if its neutral axis:

Flexural bond stresses form in a structural member under _______ as a result of bending moment or shear variation at a section.

According to IS 456:2000, the maximum compressive strain in concrete under axial compression is taken as ____ in the limit state of collapse.