In which of the following cases did the Supreme Court, while laying out the 'basic structure' of the Constitution, hold that the democratic character of the polity was an essential component of the basic structure?

Given below are two statements: Assertion (A): India is not a signatory to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). Reason (R): The NPT recognizes only the five permanent members of the UN Security Council (P5) as legitimate nuclear-weapon states. Select the correct answer:

Which of the following is NOT a Fundamental Right under Part III of the Constitution of India?