History · Modern Indian History
In the context of the historiographical debate regarding the 'Deindustrialisation Thesis' and the structural impact of British economic policy on the Indian textile sector, which of the following statements is FACTUALLY accurate according to documented historical analysis?
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- 1Marika Vicziany's critique of the deindustrialisation narrative focuses exclusively on differential British tariffs, explicitly rejecting the notion that internal Indian socio-economic factors or the lack of technology adoption played any role in the decline of Dacca muslin.
- 2Nationalist scholar R.C. Dutt estimated that Indian cotton exports remained stable at 25% of world trade until the late nineteenth century, only declining when internal factors such as caste rigidity prevented the adoption of British steam-powered looms.
- 3Revisionist historian Tirthankar Roy argues that the destruction of traditional handicrafts was a unilateral economic catastrophe, asserting that the 'golden age' of Indian textiles was never offset by the emergence of modern sectors like jute, coal, or railways.
- 4While R.C. Dutt documented that Indian cotton exports fell from 25% of world trade in 1750 to under 5% by 1850 due to tariffs of 2.5–5% on British imports, revisionist Tirthankar Roy describes this as 'creative destruction' where pre-colonial decline was balanced by new industrial growth.✓
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